Vascular Plants of Jokers Hill
Updated: December 15, 2021
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King Township, Regional Municipality of York, Ontario
(second edition, revision 1)
Tubba Babar, C. Sean Blaney, and Peter M. Kotanen*
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
University of Toronto Mississauga
3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON
Canada L5L 1C6
Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, P.O. Box 6416, Sackville NB, Canada E4L 1G6
*Correspondence author. e-mail: peter.kotanen@utoronto.ca
The first edition of this list was compiled by C. Sean Blaney and was published as an appendix to his M.Sc. thesis (Blaney C.S. 1999. Seed bank dynamics of native and exotic plants in open uplands of southern Ontario. University of Toronto. https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/14382/). It subsequently was formatted for the web by P.M. Kotanen and made available on the Koffler Scientific Reserve website (http://ksr.utoronto.ca/), where it was revised periodically to reflect additions and taxonomic changes. This second edition represents a major revision reflecting recent phylogenetic and nomenclatural changes and adding additional species; it will be updated periodically.
This property was donated to the University of Toronto in 1995. This list is based on observations at this site by C.S. Blaney, P.M. Kotanen, and many others beginning in 1997; a partial list of contributors may be found in Blaney (1999). Care has been taken to include only species which have been identified with certainty, and numerous experts have assisted with observations and difficult identifications, notably P. Ball and M.T.J. Johnson (University of Toronto), T. Dickinson and J. Bull (Royal Ontario Museum), A. Reznicek (University of Michigan), and W. Wagner (United States National Herbarium). Voucher specimens have been collected for many difficult identifications. Approximately 160 species (indicated by †) are documented by specimens donated to the Royal Ontario Museum / University of Toronto herbarium (TRT); numerous additional species are represented in the Koffler Scientific Reserve on-site herbarium. The phylogenetic classification of ferns and allies follows the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG I 2016: Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54, 563-603), classification for gymnosperms is based on Christenhusz et al. 2011 (Phytotaxa 19, 55-70), and classification for angiosperms follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny IV system (APG IV 2016: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181, 1-20). Scientific and English nomenclature follow the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) (https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/); VASCAN or the first edition of this list may be consulted for synonymy.
This list includes all species known to be growing outside of cultivation within the Koffler Scientific Reserve during the observation period. This includes a number of tree species which are questionably established, but nonetheless are widely planted on the property. Also listed are 13 native species found in land adjacent to the Jokers Hill property, but not yet found on the site (scientific name preceded by “*”). A total of 639 species and hybrids are listed; 450 taxa listed by VASCAN as native to Ontario (those listed in bold typeface) and 189 are considered non-native (listed in regular typeface). Not all listed species still may occur on-site (e.g., American Ginseng – not seen since 2008). Information on any additional species (preferably with photographs or specimens) would be welcomed by the authors.
Clicking on the latin binomial of each species will bring you to GBIF occurrence records for that species.
Scientific Name | Common Name |
FERNS AND ALLIES | |
LYCOPODIALES | Clubmosses |
Lycopodiaceae | (Clubmosses) |
Dendrolycopodium dendroideum (Michx.) A. Haines (s.st.) | Round-branched Tree-clubmoss |
Diphasiastrum digitatum Dill. ex A. Braun (Holub) | Southern Ground-cedar |
Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub | Blue Ground-cedar |
Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevis. | Shining Firmoss |
Lycopodium clavatum L. | Running Clubmoss |
EQUISETALES | Horsetails |
Equisetaceae | (Horsetails) |
Equisetum arvense L. | Field Horsetail |
Equisetum fluviatile L. | Water Horsetail |
Equisetum hyemale L. | Common Scouring-rush |
Equisetum pratense Ehrh. | Meadow Horsetail |
Equisetum scirpoides Michx. | Dwarf Scouring-rush |
Equisetum sylvaticum L. | Woodland Horsetail |
Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex Fried., Weber & Mohr. | Variegated Horsetail |
OPHIOGLOSSALES | Adder’s-tongues |
Ophioglossaceae | (Adder’s-tongues) |
Botrychium matricariifolium (Döll) A. Braun ex Koch | Daisy-leaved Moonwort |
Botrypus virginianus (L.) Michx. | Rattlesnake Fern |
Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon | Cutleaf Grapefern |
Sceptridium multifidum (S. G. Gmelin) Nishida ex Tagawa | Leathery Grapefern |
OSMUNDALES | Royal Ferns |
Osmundaceae | (Royal Ferns) |
Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan | Interrupted Fern |
Osmunda regalis L. | Royal Fern |
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl | Cinnamon Fern |
POLYPODIALES | Leptosporangiate Ferns |
Pteridaceae | (Maidenhair Ferns) |
Adiantum pedatum L. | Northern Maidenhair Fern |
Dennstaedtiaceae | (Bracken Ferns) |
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore | Eastern Hay-scented Fern |
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | Bracken Fern |
Cystopteridaceae | (Bladder Ferns) |
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. | Bulblet Bladder Fern |
Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv. | Mackay’s Brittle Fern |
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman | Common Oak Fern |
Aspleniaceae | (Spleenworts) |
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes ex D. Eaton | Ebony Spleenwort |
Onocleaceae | (Sensitive Ferns) |
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. | Ostrich Fern |
Onoclea sensibilis L. | Sensitive Fern |
Athyriaceae | (Lady Ferns) |
Deparia acrostichoides (Swartz) M. Kato | Silvery Spleenwort |
Thelypteridaceae | (Marsh Ferns) |
Parathelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Ching | New York Fern |
Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt | Northern Beech Fern |
Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott | Marsh Fern |
Dryopteridaceae | (Wood Ferns) |
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. | Common Lady Fern |
Dryopteris ×boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. | Boott’s Wood Fern |
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs | Spinulose Wood Fern |
Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray | Crested Wood Fern |
Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray | Goldie’s Wood Fern |
Dryopteris intermedia (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) A. Gray | Evergreen Wood Fern |
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray | Marginal Wood Fern |
Dryopteris ×triploidea Wherry | Triploid Wood Fern |
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott | Christmas Fern |
Polypodiaceae | (Polypodies) |
Polypodium virginianum L. | Rock Polypody |
GYMNOSPERMS | |
PINALES | Pines and Spruces |
Pinaceae | (Pines) |
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch | Tamarack |
Picea abies (L.) Karsten | Norway Spruce |
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss | White Spruce |
Picea pungens Engelm. | Blue Spruce |
Pinus banksiana Lamb. | Jack Pine |
Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton | Red Pine |
Pinus strobus L. | Eastern White Pine |
Pinus sylvestris L. | Scots Pine |
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière | Eastern Hemlock |
CUPRESSALES | Cypresses |
Cupressaceae | (Cypresses) |
Juniperus communis L. | Common Juniper |
Juniperus virginiana L. | Eastern Red Cedar |
Thuja occidentalis L. | Eastern White Cedar |
Taxaceae | (Yews) |
Taxus canadensis Marshall | Canada Yew |
ANGIOSPERMS | |
MAGNOLIIDS | |
PIPERALES | Dutchman’s-pipes |
Aristolochiaceae | (Dutchman’s-pipes) |
Asarum canadense L. | Canada Wild-ginger |
MONOCOTS | |
ALISMATALES | Alismatids |
Araceae | (Arums) |
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott | Jack-in-the-pulpit |
Lemna minor L. | Small Duckweed |
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. | Greater Duckweed |
Wolffia columbiana Karst. | Columbia Watermeal |
Alismataceae | (Water-plantains) |
Alisma triviale Pursh | Northern Water-plantain |
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. | Broad-leaved Arrowhead |
Hydrocharitaceae | (Frog-bits) |
Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostkov & W. Schmidt | Slender Naiad |
Potamogetonaceae | (Pondweeds) |
Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Boerner | Sago Pondweed |
LILIALES | Lilies |
Melanthiaceae | (Bunchflowers) |
Trillium erectum L. | Red Trillium |
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. | White Trillium |
Colchicaceae | (Colchicums) |
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. | Large-flowered Bellwort |
Smilacaceae | (Catbriers) |
Smilax herbacea L. | Herbaceous Carrionflower |
Smilax tamnoides L. | Bristly Greenbrier |
Liliaceae | (Lilies) |
Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. | Yellow Clintonia |
Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. | Yellow Trout Lily |
Medeola virginiana L. | Indian Cucumber-root |
Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal | Rose Twisted-stalk |
ASPARAGALES | Asparagoid Lilies |
Orchidaceae | (Orchids) |
*Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. | Spotted Coralroot |
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. | Early Coralroot |
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. | Yellow Lady’s-slipper |
Cypripedium reginae Walter | Showy Lady’s-slipper |
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz | Broad-leaved Helleborine |
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. | Showy Orchis |
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. ex Lindl. | Loesel’s Twayblade |
*Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. | White Adder’s-mouth |
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak | Tall Northern Green Orchid |
Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. | Sphinx Ladies’-tresses |
Iridaceae | (Irises) |
Iris versicolor L. | Harlequin Blue Flag |
Sisyrinchium montanum Greene | Strict Blue-eyed Grass |
Asphodelaceae | (Asphodels) |
Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. | Orange Daylily |
Amaryllidaceae | (Amaryllises) |
Allium tricoccum Solander in Aiton | Wild Leek |
Asparagaceae | (Asparaguses) |
Asparagus officinalis L. | Garden Asparagus |
Maianthemum canadense Desf. | Wild Lily-of-the-valley |
Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link | Large False Solomon’s Seal |
Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link | Star-flowered False Solomon’s Seal |
Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh | Hairy Solomon’s Seal |
POALES | Grasses & Allies |
Typhaceae | (Cattails) |
Sparganium emersum Rehmann | Green-fruited Burreed |
Typha angustifolia L. | Narrow-leaved Cattail |
Typha latifolia L. | Broad-leaved Cattail |
Juncaceae | (Rushes) |
Juncus articulatus L. | Jointed Rush |
Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. | Short-tailed Rush |
Juncus bufonius L. | Toad Rush |
Juncus compressus Jacq. | Compressed Rush |
Juncus dudleyi Wiegand | Dudley’s Rush |
Juncus effusus L. | Soft Rush |
Juncus nodosus L. | Knotted Rush |
Juncus tenuis Willd. | Path Rush |
Juncus torreyi Coville | Torrey’s Rush |
Cyperaceae | (Sedges) |
Carex albursina E. Sheld. | White Bear Sedge |
Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. | Water Sedge |
Carex arctata Boott | Drooping Woodland Sedge |
Carex aurea Nutt. | Golden Sedge |
*Carex backii Boott | Back’s Sedge |
Carex bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fern. | Bebb’s Sedge |
Carex blanda Dewey | Woodland Sedge |
Carex cephalophora Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Oval-leaved Sedge |
Carex communis L.H. Bailey | Fibrous-root Sedge |
Carex cristatella Britton | Crested Sedge |
Carex deweyana Schwein. | Dewey’s Sedge |
Carex disperma Dewey | Two-seeded Sedge |
Carex flava L. | Yellow Sedge |
Carex gracillima Schwein. | Graceful Sedge |
Carex granularis Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Limestone Meadow Sedge |
*Carex hirtifolia Mack. | Pubescent Sedge |
Carex hitchcockiana Dewey | Hitchcock’s Sedge |
Carex hystericina Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Porcupine Sedge |
Carex interior L. H. Bailey | Inland Sedge |
*Carex intumescens Rudge | Bladder Sedge |
Carex laevivaginata (Kükenth.) Mack. | Smooth-sheathed Sedge |
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. | Woolly-fruited Sedge |
Carex laxiflora Lam. | Loose-flowered Sedge |
Carex leptalea Wahlenb. | Bristle-stalked Sedge |
Carex leptonervia (Fern.) Fern. | Finely-nerved Sedge |
Carex lupulina Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Hop Sedge |
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. | Muhlenberg’s Sedge |
Carex peckii Howe | Peck’s Sedge |
Carex pedunculata Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Long-stalked Sedge |
Carex pensylvanica Lam. | Pennsylvania Sedge |
Carex plantaginea Lam. | Plantain-leaved Sedge |
Carex platyphylla J. Carey | Broad-leaved Sedge |
*Carex projecta Mack. | Necklace Sedge |
Carex pseudocyperus L. | Cyperus-like Sedge |
Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small | Eastern Star Sedge |
Carex retrorsa Schwein. | Retrorse Sedge |
Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. | Rose Sedge |
Carex scabrata Schwein. | Eastern Rough Sedge |
Carex schweinitzii (Dewey ex Schwein.) × utriculata Boott | Hybrid Sedge |
Carex sparganioides Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Burreed Sedge |
Carex spicata Huds. | Spiked Sedge |
Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. | Sprengel’s Sedge |
Carex stipata Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Awl-fruited Sedge |
Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bicknell | Deep-green Sedge |
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. | Fox Sedge |
Cyperus bipartitus Torr. | Shining Flatsedge |
Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks | Hop Flatsedge |
Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. | Red-stemmed Spikerush |
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. | Blunt Spikerush |
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K. C. Gmel.) Palla | Soft-stemmed Bulrush |
Scirpus atrovirens Willd. | Dark-green Bulrush |
Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth | Common Woolly Bulrush |
Scirpus microcarpus C. Presl | Red-tinged Bulrush |
Poaceae | (Grasses) |
Agrostis gigantea Roth | Redtop |
Agrostis scabra Willd. | Rough Bentgrass |
Agrostis stolonifera L. | Creeping Bentgrass |
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. | Short-awn Foxtail |
Avena sativa L. | Cultivated Oats |
*Brachyelytrum erectum (s.l.) (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. | Southern Shorthusk |
Bromus ciliatus L. | Fringed Brome |
Bromus inermis Leyss. | Smooth Brome |
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. | Bluejoint Reedgrass |
Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Goepp.) Griseb. in Ledeb | Drooping Woodreed |
Dactylis glomerata L. | Orchard Grass |
Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. | Poverty Oatgrass |
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & C.A. Clark | Tapered Panicgrass |
Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhlenberg) Gould. | Starved Panicgrass |
Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribner) Gould | Linear-leaved Panicgrass |
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhlenb. | Smooth Crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. | Hairy Crabgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. | Barnyard Grass |
Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. | Rough Barnyard Grass |
Elymus repens (L.) Gould | Quackgrass |
Elymus virginicus L. | Virginia Wildrye |
Eragrostis minor Host | Little Lovegrass |
Festuca rubra L. | Red Fescue |
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev | Nodding Fescue |
Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina | Hard Fescue |
Glyceria grandis S. Watson ex A. Gray | Tall Mannagrass |
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. | Fowl Mannagrass |
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. | Rice Cutgrass |
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire | Tall Ryegrass |
Lolium perenne L. | Perennial Ryegrass |
Milium effusum L. | Wood Millet |
Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. | Mexican Muhly |
Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. | Rough-leaved Mountain-rice |
Panicum capillare L. | Common Panicgrass |
Phalaris arundinacea L. | Reed Canarygrass |
Phleum pratense L. | Common Timothy |
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. | Common Reed |
Poa alsodes A. Gray | Grove Bluegrass |
Poa annua L. | Annual Bluegrass |
Poa compressa L. | Canada Bluegrass |
Poa palustris L. | Fowl Bluegrass |
Poa pratensis L. | Kentucky Bluegrass |
Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen. | Purple False Melic |
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. | Yellow Foxtail |
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. | Green Foxtail |
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. | Slender Wedge Grass |
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray | Sand Dropseed |
Sporobolus neglectus Nash | Small Dropseed |
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Torr. ex Alph | Sheathed Dropseed |
EUDICOTS | |
RANUNCULALES | Poppies, Barberries & Crowfoots |
Papaveraceae | (Poppies) |
Chelidonium majus L. | Greater Celandine |
Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. | Squirrel-corn |
Sanguinaria canadensis L. | Bloodroot |
Berberidaceae | (Barberries) |
Berberis thunbergii DC. | Japanese Barberry |
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. | Blue Cohosh |
Podophyllum peltatum L. | May-apple |
Ranunculaceae | (Crowfoots) |
Actaea ×ludovici B. Boivin | Hybrid Baneberry |
Actaea pachypoda Elliott | White Baneberry |
Actaea rubra Willd. | Red Baneberry |
Anemone cylindrica A. Gray | Long-fruited Anemone |
Anemone virginiana L. | Tall Anemone |
Aquilegia canadensis L. | Red Columbine |
Aquilegia vulgaris L. | European Columbine |
Caltha palustris L. | Yellow Marsh Marigold |
Clematis virginiana L. | Virginia Clematis |
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. | Goldthread |
Hepatica acutiloba DC. | Sharp-lobed Hepatica |
Ranunculus abortivus L. | Kidney-leaved Buttercup |
Ranunculus acris L. | Common Buttercup |
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. | Hooked Buttercup |
Ranunculus sceleratus L. | Cursed Buttercup |
Thalictrum dioicum L. | Early Meadow-rue |
Thalictrum pubescens Pursh | Tall Meadow-rue |
SUPERROSIDS | |
SAXIFRAGALES | Saxifrages & Allies |
Hamamelidaceae | (Witch-hazels) |
Hamamelis virginiana L. | American Witch-hazel |
Grossulariaceae | (Currants) |
Ribes alpinum L. | Alpine Currant |
Ribes americanum Miller | American Black Currant |
Ribes cynosbati L. | Eastern Prickly Gooseberry |
Ribes hirtellum Michx. | Swamp Gooseberry |
*Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. | Bristly Black Currant |
Ribes rubrum L. | European Red Currant |
Ribes triste Pall. | Swamp Red Currant |
Saxifragaceae | (Saxifrages) |
Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hook. | American Golden-saxifrage |
Mitella diphylla L. | Two-leaved Mitrewort |
Mitella nuda L. | Naked Mitrewort |
Tiarella cordifolia L. | Heart-leaved Foamflower |
Crassulaceae | (Orpines) |
Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba | Garden Stonecrop |
Sedum acre L. | Mossy Stonecrop |
ROSIDS | |
VITALES | Grapes |
Vitaceae | (Grapes) |
Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchc. | Thicket Creeper |
Vitis riparia Michx. | Riverbank Grape |
FABALES | Legumes & Milkworts |
For a list of the rhizobia associated with KSR’s legumes, please click here. | |
Fabaceae | (Legumes) |
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. | American Hog-peanut |
Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. | Showy Tick Trefoil |
Gleditsia triacanthos L. | Honey Locust |
Hylodesmum glutinosum (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill | Large Tick-trefoil |
Lotus corniculatus L. | Garden Bird’s-foot Trefoil |
Medicago lupulina L. | Black Medick |
Medicago sativa L. | Alfalfa |
Melilotus albus Medik. | White Sweet-clover |
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. | Yellow Sweet-clover |
Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Black Locust |
Trifolium campestre Schreb. | Low Hop Clover |
Trifolium hybridum L. | Alsike Clover |
Trifolium pratense L. | Red Clover |
Trifolium repens L. | White Clover |
Vicia cracca L. | Tufted Vetch |
Vicia sativa L. | Common Vetch |
Vicia tetrasperma Schreb. | Four-seed Vetch |
Polygalaceae | (Milkworts) |
Polygaloides paucifolia (Willd.) J.R. Abbott | Fringed Milkwort |
ROSALES | Roses & Allies |
Rosaceae | (Roses) |
Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. | Hooked Agrimony |
Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. | Downy Serviceberry |
Amelanchier interior Nielson | Inland Serviceberry |
Amelanchier laevis Wiegand | Smooth Serviceberry |
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe | Fireberry Hawthorn |
Crataegus sect. Coccineae Loudon | Hawthorn sp. sect. Coccineae |
Crataegus macracantha Lodd. ex Loudon | Large-thorned Hawthorn |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | English Hawthorn |
Crataegus punctata Jacq. | Dotted Hawthorn |
Crataegus submollis Sarg. | Quebec Hawthorn |
Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link | Fleshy Hawthorn |
Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydb. | Tall Wood Beauty |
Fragaria vesca L. | Woodland Strawberry |
Fragaria virginiana Miller | Wild Strawberry |
Geum aleppicum Jacq. | Yellow Avens |
Geum canadense Jacq. | White Avens |
Geum fragarioides (Michx.) Smedmark | Barren Strawberry |
Geum laciniatum Murray | Rough Avens |
Geum rivale L. | Water Avens |
Geum urbanum L. | Wood Avens |
Malus pumila Miller | Common Apple |
Potentilla norvegica L. | Rough Cinquefoil |
Potentilla recta L. | Sulphur Cinquefoil |
Prunus nigra Aiton | Canada Plum |
Prunus pensylvanica L. f. | Pin Cherry |
Prunus serotina Ehrh. | Black Cherry |
Prunus virginiana L. | Choke Cherry |
Pyrus communis L. | Common Pear |
Rosa blanda Aiton | Smooth Rose |
Rosa carolina L. | Carolina Rose |
Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray | Multiflora Rose |
Rubus allegheniensis Porter | Allegheny Blackberry |
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke. | Red Raspberry |
Rubus occidentalis L. | Black Raspberry |
Rubus odoratus L. | Purple-flowering Raspberry |
Rubus pubescens Raf. | Dwarf Raspberry |
Sorbus aucuparia L. | European Mountain-ash |
Rhamnaceae | (Buckthorns) |
Rhamnus cathartica L. | European Buckthorn |
Ulmaceae | (Elms) |
Ulmus americana L. | White Elm |
Urticaceae | (Nettles) |
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. | Small-spike False Nettle |
Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. | Canada Wood Nettle |
Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. | Lesser Clearweed |
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray | Dwarf Clearweed |
Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis L. ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Solander | Stinging Nettle |
FAGALES | Beeches, Walnuts & Birches |
Fagaceae | (Beeches) |
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. | American Beech |
Quercus alba L. | White Oak |
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. | Bur Oak |
Quercus rubra L. | Northern Red Oak |
Juglandaceae | (Walnuts) |
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch | Bitternut Hickory |
Juglans cinerea L. | Butternut |
Juglans nigra L. | Black Walnut |
Betulaceae | (Birches) |
Betula alleghaniensis Britton | Yellow Birch |
Betula papyrifera Marshall | Paper Birch |
Carpinus caroliniana Walter | Blue Beech |
Corylus cornuta Marshall | Beaked Hazelnut |
Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch | Eastern Hop-hornbeam |
CUCURBITALES | Gourds |
Cucurbitaceae | (Gourds & Cucumbers) |
Cucurbita sp. | Domestic Gourd sp. |
Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray | Wild Cucumber |
CELASTRALES | Bittersweets |
Celastraceae | (Bittersweets) |
Celastrus scandens L. | Climbing Bittersweet |
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold | Winged Euonymus |
OXALIDALES | Wood-sorrels |
Oxalidaceae | (Wood-sorrels) |
Oxalis montana Raf. | White Wood-sorrel |
Oxalis stricta L. | European Wood-sorrel |
MALPIGHIALES | Violets & Allies |
Hypericaceae | (St. John’s-worts) |
Hypericum perforatum L. | Common St. John’s-wort |
Hypericum punctatum Lam. | Spotted St. John’s-wort |
Violaceae | (Violets) |
Viola arvensis Murray | European Field Pansy |
Viola blanda Willd. | Sweet White Violet |
Viola canadensis L. | Canada Violet |
Viola cucullata Aiton | Marsh Blue Violet |
Viola labradorica Schrank | Labrador Violet |
Viola macloskeyi F. E. Lloyd | Macloskey’s Violet |
Viola pubescens Aiton | Downy Yellow Violet |
Viola renifolia A. Gray | Kidney-leaved Violet |
Viola rostrata Pursh | Long-spurred Violet |
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie | Selkirk’s Violet |
Viola sororia (s.l.) Willd. | Wooly Blue Violet |
Salicaceae | (Willows) |
Populus balsamifera L. | Balsam Poplar |
Populus grandidentata Michx. | Large-toothed Aspen |
Populus tremuloides Michx. | Trembling Aspen |
Salix amygdaloides Anderss. | Peach-leaved Willow |
Salix bebbiana Sarg. | Bebb’s Willow |
Salix discolor Muhlenb. | Pussy Willow |
Salix eriocephala Michx. | Cottony Willow |
Salix ×fragilis L. | Hybrid White Willow |
Salix interior Rowlee | Sandbar Willow |
Salix lucida Muhlenb. | Shining Willow |
Salix petiolaris Sm. | Meadow Willow |
Salix serissima (L. H. Bailey) Fern. | Autumn Willow |
Euphorbiaceae | (Spurges) |
Acalypha rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperr. | Common Three-seeded Mercury |
Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. | Ridge-seeded Spurge |
Euphorbia maculata L. | Spotted Spurge |
Euphorbia cyparissias L. | Cypress Spurge |
Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. | Leafy Spurge |
GERANIALES | Geraniums |
Geraniaceae | (Geraniums) |
Geranium robertianum L. | Herb-Robert |
MYRTALES | Loosestrifes & Evening-primroses |
Lythraceae | (Loosestrifes) |
Lythrum salicaria L. | Purple Loosestrife |
Onagraceae | (Evening-primroses) |
Circaea alpina | Small Enchanter’s Nightshade |
Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill ssp. canadensis | Canada Enchanter’s Nightshade |
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. | Northern Willowherb |
Epilobium hirsutum L. | Hairy Willowherb |
Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. | Linear-leaved Willowherb |
Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. | Small-flowered Hairy Willowherb |
Epilobium strictum Muhlenb. ex Spreng. | Downy Willowherb |
Oenothera biennis L. | Common Evening-primrose |
Oenothera parviflora L. | Small-flowered Evening-primrose |
Oenothera perennis L. | Perennial Evening-primrose |
Oenothera villosa ssp. villosa Thunb. | Hairy Evening-primrose |
SAPINDALES | Sumacs, Maples & Allies |
Anacardiaceae | (Sumacs) |
Rhus typhina L. | Staghorn Sumac |
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze | Poison Ivy |
Sapindaceae | (Maples & Allies) |
Acer negundo L. | Manitoba Maple |
*Acer nigrum Michx. f. | Black Maple |
Acer platanoides L. | Norway Maple |
Acer rubrum L. | Red Maple |
Acer saccharinum L. | Silver Maple |
Acer saccharum Marshall | Sugar Maple |
Acer spicatum Lam. | Mountain Maple |
Acer tataricum L. ssp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. | Amur Maple |
MALVALES | Mallows & Allies |
Malvaceae | (Mallows) |
Malva neglecta Wallr. | Common Mallow |
Tilia americana L. | Basswood |
Tilia cordata Miller | Little-leaved Linden |
Thymelaeaceae | (Mezereums) |
Dirca palustris L. | Eastern Leatherwood |
Cistaceae | (Rockroses) |
Lechea intermedia Legg. | Large-pod Pinweed |
BRASSICALES | Mustards & Allies |
Cleomaceae | (Spiderflowers) |
Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) H.H. Iltis | Pink-queen |
Brassicaceae | (Mustards) |
Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande | Garlic Mustard |
Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. | Small Alyssum |
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. | Bitter Wintercress |
Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. | Small-seeded False-flax |
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. | Common Shepherd’s Purse |
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood | Two-leaved Toothwort |
Cardamine hirsuta L. | Hairy Bittercress |
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Pennsylvania Bittercress |
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl | Flixweed |
Draba verna L. | Spring Draba |
Erysimum cheiranthoides L. | Wormseed Wallflower |
Hesperis matronalis L. | Dame’s Rocket |
Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. | Field Peppergrass |
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. | Common Peppergrass |
Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton | Watercress |
Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida (L.) Besser ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell | Hispid Marsh Yellowcress |
Sinapis arvensis L. | Corn Mustard |
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. | Common Tumble Mustard |
Thlaspi arvense L. | Field Pennycress |
Turritis glabra (L.) Bernh. | Tower Mustard |
SUPERASTERIDS | |
CARYOPHYLLALES | Pinks & Allies |
Polygonaceae | (Buckwheats) |
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve | Eurasian Black Bindweed |
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz | Marshpepper Smartweed |
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray | Pale Smartweed |
Persicaria maculosa S. F. Gray | Spotted Lady’s-thumb |
Polygonum achoreum Blake | Leathery Knotweed |
Polygonum aviculare L. | Prostrate Knotweed |
Rumex acetosella L. | Sheep Sorrel |
Rumex britannica L. | Great Water Dock |
Rumex crispus L. | Curled Dock |
Rumex obtusifolius L. | Bitter Dock |
Caryophyllaceae | (Pinks) |
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. | Thyme-leaved Sandwort |
Cerastium fontanum Baumg. | Common Mouse-ear Chickweed |
Dianthus armeria L. | Deptford Pink |
Saponaria officinalis L. | Bouncing-bet |
Silene antirrhina L. | Sleepy Catchfly |
Silene latifolia Poir. | White Campion |
Silene noctiflora L. | Night-flowering Catchfly |
Silene vulgaris. (Moench) Garcke | Bladder Campion |
Stellaria graminea L. | Grass-leaved Starwort |
Stellaria longifolia Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Long-leaved Starwort |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | Common Chickweed |
Amaranthaceae | (Amaranths) |
Amaranthus albus L. | White Amaranth |
Amaranthus retroflexus L. | Redroot Amaranth |
Atriplex patula L. | Spear Saltbush |
Chenopodiastrum simplex (Torrey) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch | Maple-leaved Goosefoot |
Chenopodium album L. | Common Lamb’s-quarters |
Oxybasis glauca (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch. | Oak-leaved Goosefoot |
Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch. | Red Goosefoot |
Montiaceae | (Water Chickweeds) |
Claytonia caroliniana Michx. | Carolina Spring Beauty |
Portulacaceae | (Purslanes) |
Portulaca oleracea L. | Common Purslane |
ASTERIDS | |
CORNALES | Dogwoods |
Cornaceae | (Dogwoods) |
Cornus alternifolia L. f. | Alternate-leaved Dogwood |
Cornus canadensis L. | Bunchberry |
Cornus rugosa Lam. | Round-leaved Dogwood |
Cornus sericea L. | Red-osier Dogwood |
ERICALES | Heaths & Allies |
Balsaminaceae | (Touch-Me-Nots) |
Impatiens capensis Meerb. | Spotted Jewelweed |
Primulaceae | (Primroses) |
Lysimachia borealis (Rafinesque) U. Manns & Anderberg | Northern Starflower |
Lysimachia ciliata L. | Fringed Loosestrife |
Ericaceae | (Heaths) |
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton | Common Pipsissewa |
Gaultheria procumbens L. | Eastern Teaberry |
Hypopitys monotropa Crantz | Pinesap |
Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray | One-flowered Wintergreen |
Monotropa uniflora L. | Indian-pipe |
Pyrola americana Sweet | Round-leaved Pyrola |
Pyrola asarifolia Michx. | Pink Pyrola |
Pyrola elliptica Nutt. | Shinleaf |
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton | Early Lowbush Blueberry |
GENTIANALES | Gentians, Bedstraws & Milkweeds |
Rubiaceae | (Bedstraws) |
Galium aparine L. | Common Bedstraw |
Galium boreale L. | Northern Bedstraw |
Galium circaezans Michx. | Wild Licorice |
Galium lanceolatum Torr. | Lance-leaved Wild Licorice |
Galium mollugo L. | Smooth Bedstraw |
Galium palustre L. | Common Marsh Bedstraw |
Galium tinctorium L. | Dyer’s Bedstraw |
*Galium trifidum L. | Three-petalled Bedstraw |
Galium triflorum Michx. | Three-flowered Bedstraw |
Galium verum L. | Yellow Bedstraw |
Mitchella repens L. | Partridge-berry |
Gentianaceae | (Gentians) |
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. | Andrews’ Bottle Gentian |
Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma | Greater Fringed Gentian |
Apocynaceae | (Milkweeds) |
Apocynum androsaemifolium L. | Spreading Dogbane |
Apocynum cannabinum L. | Hemp Dogbane |
Asclepias incarnata L. | Swamp Milkweed |
Asclepias syriaca L. | Common Milkweed |
Asclepias tuberosa L. | Butterfly Milkweed |
Vinca minor L. | Lesser Periwinkle |
Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopov) Barbarich | European Swallowwort |
BORAGINALES | Borages |
Boraginaceae | (Borages) |
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnston | Corn Gromwell |
Cynoglossum officinale L. | Common Hound’s-tongue |
Echium vulgare L. | Common Viper’s Bugloss |
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnston | Virginia Stickseed |
*Hydrophyllum canadense L. | Bluntleaf Waterleaf |
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. | Virginia Waterleaf |
Myosotis scorpioides L. | True Forget-me-not |
Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex H. Hoffm. | Woodland Forget-me-not |
SOLANALES | Nightshades & Allies |
Convolvulaceae | (Bindweeds) |
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. | Hedge False Bindweed |
Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh | Low False Bindweed |
Convolvulus arvensis L. | Field Bindweed |
Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schult. | Swamp Dodder |
Solanaceae | (Nightshades) |
Physalis heterophylla Nees | Clammy Ground-cherry |
Solanum dulcamara L. | Bittersweet Nightshade |
Solanum nigrum (s.l.) L. | Black Nightshade |
Solanum tuberosum L. | Potato |
LAMIALES | Mints & Allies |
Oleaceae | (Olives) |
Fraxinus americana L. | White Ash |
Fraxinus nigra Marshall | Black Ash |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall | Red Ash |
Ligustrum vulgare L. | European Privet |
Syringa vulgaris L. | Common Lilac |
Plantaginaceae | (Plantains) |
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange | Dwarf Snapdragon |
Chelone glabra L. | White Turtlehead |
Gratiola neglecta Torr. | Clammy Hedge-hyssop |
Linaria vulgaris Miller | Butter-and-eggs |
Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims | Foxglove Beardtongue |
Plantago major L. | Common Plantain |
Plantago lanceolata L. | English Plantain |
Plantago rugelii Decne. | Rugel’s Plantain |
Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth. | American Speedwell |
Veronica arvensis L. | Corn Speedwell |
Veronica officinalis L. | Common Speedwell |
Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina L. | Purslane Speedwell |
Veronica serpyllifolia L. | Thyme-leaved Speedwell |
Scrophulariaceae | (Figworts) |
Verbascum thapsus L. | Common Mullein |
Verbenaceae | (Vervains) |
Verbena hastata L. | Blue Vervain |
Verbena stricta Vent. | Hoary Vervain |
Verbena urticifolia L. | White Vervain |
Lamiaceae | (Mints) |
Clinopodium vulgare L. | Wild Basil |
Galeopsis tetrahit L. | Common Hemp-nettle |
Glechoma hederacea L. | Ground-ivy |
Hedeoma hispida Pursh | Rough False Pennyroyal |
Lamium amplexicaule L. | Common Dead-nettle |
Leonurus cardiaca L. | Common Motherwort |
Lycopus americanus Muhlenb. ex Bartram | American Water-horehound |
Lycopus uniflorus Michx. | Northern Water-horehound |
Mentha canadensis L. | Canada Mint |
Mentha ×piperita L. | Peppermint |
Monarda fistulosa L. | Wild Bergamot |
Nepeta cataria L. | Catnip |
Origanum vulgare L. | Wild Marjoram |
Prunella vulgaris L. | Common Self-heal |
Scutellaria lateriflora L. | Mad-dog Skullcap |
Phrymaceae | (Lopseeds) |
Mimulus ringens L. | Square-stemmed Monkeyflower |
Phryma leptostachya L. | Lopseed |
Orobanchaceae | (Broomrapes) |
Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. | Beechdrops |
ASTERALES | Asters & Bellflowers |
Campanulaceae | (Bellflowers) |
Campanula aparinoides Pursh | Marsh Bellflower |
Campanula persicifolia L. | Peach-leaved Bellflower |
Campanula rapunculoides L. | Common Bellflower |
Lobelia inflata L. | Indian-tobacco |
Lobelia siphilitica L. | Great Blue Lobelia |
Lobelia spicata Lam. | Pale-spiked Lobelia |
Asteraceae | (Asters) |
Achillea borealis Bong. | Common Yarrow |
Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. E. Robins. | Common White Snakeroot |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. | Common Ragweed |
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. F. | Pearly Everlasting |
Antennaria neglecta Greene | Field Pussytoes |
Antennaria parlinii Fern. | Parlin’s Pussytoes |
Arctium lappa L. | Great Burdock |
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. | Common Burdock |
Artemisia biennis Willd. | Biennial Wormwood |
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. | Silver Wormwood |
Bidens cernua L. | Nodding Beggarticks |
Bidens frondosa L. | Devil’s Beggarticks |
Bidens tripartita (s.l.) L. | Three-parted Beggarticks |
Bidens vulgata Greene | Tall Beggarticks |
Carduus acanthoides L. | Plumeless Thistle |
Carduus nutans L. | Nodding Thistle |
Centaurea jacea L. | Brown Knapweed |
Cichorium intybus L. | Wild Chicory |
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | Canada Thistle |
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. | Bull Thistle |
Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. | Smooth Hawksbeard |
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. | Annual Fleabane |
Erigeron canadensis L. | Canada Horseweed |
Erigeron philadelphicus L. | Philadelphia Fleabane |
Erigeron pulchellus Michx. | Robin’s-plantain Fleabane |
Erigeron strigosus Muhlenb. ex Willd. | Rough Fleabane |
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. | Common Boneset |
Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. | Large-leaved Aster |
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. | Grass-leaved Goldenrod |
Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E. E. Lamont | Spotted Joe Pye Weed |
Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. | Hairy Galinsoga |
Inula helenium L. | Elecampane |
Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern. | Tall Blue Lettuce |
Lactuca canadensis L. | Canada Lettuce |
Lactuca serriola L. | Prickly Lettuce |
Lapsana communis L. | Common Nipplewort |
Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.) Lam. | Oxeye Daisy |
Matricaria discoidea DC. | Pineappleweed |
Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. | Tall Rattlesnakeroot |
Packera aurea (L.) A. & D. Löve | Golden Groundsel |
Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F. W. Schult. & Schult. Bipontinus | Orange Hawkweed |
Pilosella caespitosa (Dumortier) P. D. Sell & C. West | Meadow Hawkweed |
Pilosella officinarum F.W. Schult. & Schult. Bipontinus | Mouse-ear Hawkweed |
Pilosella piloselloides (Villars) Soják | Tall Hawkweed |
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt | Fragrant Cudweed |
Rudbeckia hirta L. | Black-eyed Susan |
Rudbeckia triloba L. | Brown-eyed Susan |
Senecio viscosus L. | Sticky Ragwort |
Senecio vulgaris L. | Common Ragwort |
Solidago altissima L. | Tall Goldenrod |
*Solidago arguta Aiton | Cut-leaved Goldenrod |
Solidago caesia L. | Blue-stemmed Goldenrod |
Solidago canadensis L. | Canada Goldenrod |
Solidago flexicaulis L. | Zigzag Goldenrod |
Solidago gigantea Aiton | Giant Goldenrod |
Solidago nemoralis Aiton | Gray-stemmed Goldenrod |
Solidago rugosa Miller | Rough-stemmed Goldenrod |
Solidago uliginosa Nutt. | Bog Goldenrod |
Sonchus arvensis L. | Field Sow-thistle |
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill | Prickly Sow-thistle |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Annual Sow-thistle |
Symphyotrichum ×amethystinum (Nutt.) Nesom | Amethyst Aster |
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G. L. Nesom | Heart-leaved Aster |
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom | White Heath Aster |
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom | White Panicled Aster |
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. & D. Löve | Calico Aster |
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom | New England Aster |
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G. L. Nesom | Sky-blue Aster |
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom | Old Field Aster |
Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. & D. Löve | Purple-stemmed Aster |
Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom | Arrow-leaved Aster |
Tanacetum vulgare L. | Common Tansy |
Taraxacum erythrospermum Anderz. ex Besser | Red-seeded Dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers | Common Dandelion |
Taraxacum palustre G. H. Weber ex Wiggers | Marsh Dandelion |
Tragopogon dubius Scop. | Yellow Goatsbeard |
Tragopogon pratensis L. | Meadow Goatsbeard |
Tussilago farfara L. | Coltsfoot |
DIPSACALES | Honeysuckles & Moschatels |
Adoxaceae | (Moschatels) |
Sambucus canadensis L. | Common Elderberry |
Sambucus racemosa L. | Red Elderberry |
Viburnum acerifolium L. | Maple-leaved Viburnum |
Viburnum lantana L. | Wayfaring Viburnum |
Viburnum lantanoides Michx. | Hobblebush |
Viburnum lentago L. | Nannyberry |
Viburnum nudum L. var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & Gray | Wild Raisin |
Viburnum opulus var. opulus | Cranberry Viburnum |
*Viburnum opulus var. americanum Aiton | Highbush Cranberry |
Caprifoliaceae | (Honeysuckles) |
Diervilla lonicera Miller | Northern Bush-honeysuckle |
Dipsacus fullonum L. | Common Teasel |
Linnaea borealis L. | Twinflower |
Lonicera ×bella Zabel | Bell’s Honeysuckle |
Lonicera canadensis Bartram ex Marshall | Canada Fly Honeysuckle |
Lonicera dioica L. | Limber Honeysuckle |
Lonicera hirsuta Eaton | Hairy Honeysuckle |
Lonicera tatarica L. | Tartarian Honeysuckle |
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S. F. Blake | Thin-leaved Snowberry |
Triosteum aurantiacum E. P. Bicknell | Orange-fruited Horse-gentian |
Valeriana officinalis L. | Common Valerian |
APIALES | Carrots & Ginsengs |
Araliaceae | (Ginsengs) |
Aralia nudicaulis L. | Wild Sarsaparilla |
Aralia racemosa L. | American Spikenard |
Panax quinquefolius L. | American Ginseng |
Apiaceae | (Carrots) |
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. | Canada Honewort |
Daucus carota L. | Wild Carrot |
Hydrocotyle americana L. | American Water-pennywort |
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C. B. Clarke | Hairy Sweet Cicely |
Sanicula marilandica L. | Maryland Sanicle |
*Sium suave Walter | Common Water-parsnip |